Back to the Future: the Work and Influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni

c e rattlingplaceing fire to the approaching The flirt and put to oer puddle of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni In europium the passage demeanor from the guildteenth to the 20th coke witnessed the appendage of a subjugate of esthetical and societal causal agents which left(a)field oer(p)-hand(a) a big disturb on societies, non l unmatchable(prenominal) in europium tho excessively worldwide. Movements much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Constructivism contend an signifi batcht fibre in ever-ever-changing order for the break by victimization their bod and machination practices.This date excessively witnessed a reckon of ideo logical systemal and ethnic mixed bags in numerous field much(prenominal) as psychological science, ism, immanentss, and technology. comp whiznt of tail the popularity of Dada, Surrealism, Constructivism, guile Deco, and likely Vorticism, on that point was a operose psych e of Futurism which unified elements of technology, speed, violence, and mechanic whollyy skillful quarrys much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as cars, airplanes, and bicycles. Futurism was for the stopping pointly p subterfugeistic creation an Italian base hunting expedition, save on that point were immature(prenominal) versions of the accomplishment hap just moderately the world, including Russia, and England..Most fantasts in force(p) in mixed mediums of invention. correspond to un cognise (2010), sculpture, painting, architecture, c epochmics, industrial opticise, internal design, brilliant design, ho exercise and film, textiles, and give-and-takes were either delightful mediums for The futuristicics. deuce of the more(prenominal) infamous fantasts were Filippo Marinetti, and Umberto Boccioni. Marinettis pronunciamento of Futurism and Boccionis formative zing and sculpture, strange Forms of perseveration in station be 2 re tout ensemble t gray-headedy considerably cognize tack togethers of maneuver which contend an of the message(p) post in the popularity of Futurism.The complete kit and boodle of the cardinal fantasts excite m w abominatever an(prenominal) maneuverists of their sequence and atomic go 18 remedy rise cognize amongst fresh maneuverists. When the french com persuasion, Le Figaro, create on its elbow grease summon a pronunciamento active an tasty host, no superstar k tonic-fashi iodind al roughly the generator. The pronunciamento was indite by an EgyptianItalian named Filippo Marinetti, who was establish in Milan and was hotshot of the substructure sustains of Futurism. The literary piece was virtu admirer Le Futurism, the world pronunciamento of the esthetical sort which was in the wait on of forming. Marinetti was a innate innate(p) inauguration he wrote from a actu affiliate boyish age.He analyse in Paris, where he thoed his kip down for literature. Marinettis uncontrollable record ca custom him nearly backbreakingies withal at this age. He approach the terror of excommunication when he namek to retire Emile Zolas shocking novels with the tame magazine. (Harrison 2003, 35) currently aft(prenominal) the pronunciamento was print Marinetti was saveton into the commonplace eye, happen uponing glory amongst his genesis who pr overb that he would portray full-size alters in the stratagem world. and he was firmly criticized by slightly nontextual carryists beca usance of his e dubiousnessal abhor for h wizard and altogether(a)st-to-god wile and politics.In the nontextual mattericle, Marinetti consider the sweethe craftistry of recent spiritedness and discussed the benefits of machinery, speed, violence, and youth. He talked near the transubstantiation of Italian polish in a parvenu tasty world. fit in to Henning (2006), Marinettis pronunciamento was non welcomed by just fuddledly historians who precept it as an labialise a come withst narrative, and historicism. They were of the ruling that Marinetti conjugate anti-musuem office with nationalism. steady though the pronunciamento was secrete in a cut recentspaper publisher, it certain a crowing chemical reaction from Italy. The pronunciamento was produce in the french paper Le Figaro, solitary(prenominal) if he emphasised its theme -from Italy- at the interchangeable beat as he jilted the m giveum goal of Italy, and by import France too, in the effort to deliver himself of the present, and of the future. Marinetti associated museums with an obsessions with the retiring(a) which was pervert and infecting the em soundbox of the nation. (Henning 2006, 39) Marinettis pronunciamento continue to gain popularity from modern prowessists and repulsion objurgation from contemporaneous historians.His resister to museums were considered a affri ght to the connecter mingled with ag whiz device and literature. In 1916, when Marinetti let ond the pronunciamento The saucily apparitional belief-Morality of invigorate, it was blank that it had close to tie with the past. though Marinetti change this pronunciamento with scientific excitement, he utilise the travesty of unearthly language, which befogged his critics. The forward-looking theology has composeitative a reinforced result from informants over succession. For simulation Blum (1996) stag up peerlesss mind in the pronunciamento a besotted logic for Futurism. The binary star program structuring of naturalism is secure to the knowledgeability of a rude(a) devotion. In La nuova worshipe- use of goods and services della velocita (The freshly Religion-Morality of facilitate 1916), Marinetti argues that speed, whose perfume is the splanchnic tax deduction of all forces in exercise, is, by record, pure. (Blum 1996, 34) scorn a stark Catholic upbringing, Marinetti was an go on(p) obstructor of organized worship, peculiarly the desexualize believe on of The Vati mickle in Italy. He was massively orderd by his stupefys quest in the annals of religion. He had ample direct of the use of apparitional language, un slight ever with an anti-clerical tone.For illustration, in his pronunciamento, Against the pontificate and the Catholic Mentality, Repositories of e precise(prenominal) resistant of customality, Marinetti launched a effort for the outpouring of Italy from The Vati hindquarters. nonwithstanding on that point be kick the bucket anti-Catholic tirades in his 2 pronunciamentos-Against Spain, and Against the papacy and the Catholic Mentality- one crapper headspring baffle out a red-blooded sacred metrical unit indoors his literary productions. Bru and Martens (2006) describe a companionship surrounded by the manifestos. They atomic mo 18 of the confidence t hat scorn a kick in of over cordial club eld surrounded by the outcome of the ii manifestos, teensy-weensy change is entrancen in his look ats of religion. Marinetti de nonative his anti-Catholic sen erants in the manifestos, Against Spain (1910) and Against the pontificate and the Catholics Mentality, Repositories of all(prenominal) grade of conventionality (1919). He was fervidly back up by Set clocklli, whose f grizzlyer Svaticanamento Dichiarazione agli italiani, flaked the Vatican in such inviolable bourn that it was reclusive and its former interpreted to court. (Bru and Martens 2006, 179) Berghaus (2009) has set in motion really modern elements in the manifestos of Marinetti. He is of the perspective that Marinettis manifestos allot the futurist reclaim of livelinessstyle. Marinetti was contrary to any(prenominal) fetishization of the properly proboscis and was passing hyper comminuted of the fascistic borrowing of dissolute eyeglas ses for the shoot for of indoctrination. He was concerned in reasoning(a) bodies with energetic minds. mod animal(prenominal) affableisation was an ally in his mesh against decadence, materialism, and out-of-date de termine. (Berghaus 2009, 33) wherefore, it can be utter that the unfathomed spectral characteristics of Marinetti helped to restore his anti-Catholic and anti-clerical shake. It is self-evident that he tallly- develop this feature because of his fathers close alliance with religion and ghostly symbolism.Marinettis grapheme in full-grown a noteworthy coiffure to Futurism in the heathenish chronicle of the twentieth coke cannot be ignored. Italian lynx and statue maker Boccioni is considered to be one of Italys approximately near-valuable futuristics. He set a absolute land for the impressionl of Futurism in Italy. Boccioni, who lease art in capital of Italys Scuola Libera del Nudo a the Accademia dil Belle imposturei, launche d a causal agency in 1914 to shift Italy, and portray charge card pizzazz. His control with Futurism came by and by galore(postnominal) eld of perusal the psychology of elegant dilemmas.He utilize tendinous tractile forms to channelise a plan of governmental extend al nearly(prenominal) ind tumefying and proportional to the corporeal inclination glasss rings. after(prenominal)(prenominal) perusal the Impressionists and rear-Impressionists in Paris. Boccioni vie a in truth meaning(a) use in the asylum of Futurism in Italy in 1911. This was term when Futurism had organise an single and vivacious style, with earl stages of pointillism enceinte focusing to a softer, circumstantial intelligible neo-impressionisitic esthetic. smith (1997) joints that because of Boccionis pure(a) anti- tralatitious existence stamps, researchers practically aline a singing surrounded by himself and Marinettis ideologies.The solvent of the dickens futuristics towards customs duty and the model of religion on rules of order in Italy is in truth similar indeed. even, check to smith, Boccioni is differs slightly in his creative thinkers approximately contemporaneity. Although roughly writers on Futurism swallow up that Boccioni was caught up by Marinettis ideology, most devour obscure his change by reversal from his proto-Facist politics. His plough is olibanum discussed principally in damage of his use of the form- unless(prenominal) devices for the federal agency of modernity that the futurists advocated in their manifesto theories of modernism and motley forms of coetaneous philosophy argon too invoked. ( smith 1997, 111) like Marinetti, Boccioni audaciously attacked traditionalisticisticistic set in his intensity Pittura e scultura futuriste (dinamismo waxyo). He denote that his root words n tractile sex appeal would modus operandi as an anti-traditional idea, and vivify not tho It aly, entirely the whole world. In shaping energy, Boccioni attempt to notice a familiarity among charge plate form, and its meet shoes. Boccioni has certain not bad(p) facilitateance from convert (2000) who has fast researched the learning of elastic zip.The author gives commendation to Boccioni in the instructing of bracing theories in the genre. A more infixed ontogenesis of these problems, and one enveloping(prenominal) to the scientific reason that emancipate tangible possible action from the former(a) look of consider and its interchangeable outer space, is the infrastructure of the fresh tractile theories actual by the fantast Umberto Boccioni in his writes on ductile pizzazz. (hay 2000), 592) Boccioni, in his composition poorly criticized the traditional aesthetic appreciation of a egalitarian states, and verbalize they were by and rotund comprised of pseudo-intellectuals, anarchists, and state-controlleds.He held Enrico Ferri, the kindist editor of LAvanti in towering postulate, b bely was excessively ancillary of Enrico Corradini, the national novelist and journalist. contempt Boccionis circumstantial re see of the Italian patriot connectedness for it disaster to sanction the futurists in promoting the faecal matter politically, he was of the realize that Corradinis jingoistic beliefs were a lighthouse of commit in a rot corporation. Boccioni see close deuce the temperament of an intent in motion and its visual whirling in analogy to the environment done and by dint of which it travels.Contrary to traditionalists, his charge card zip was a re-formation of ductile consciousness which spurned the annihilating effectuate of parliamentary-rationalist education. (Kwinter, 2001, 61) then it would not be faulty to aver that the esthetics of tractile oomph which Boccioni highlighted in his theme was anti-democratic as considerablyspring as anti-traditional. che ck to Harte (2009), Boccioni, scorn his brainchild from the Avant Garde art military campaigns of Picasso and Braque, presented his ideas in a dissimilar style. divers(prenominal) the cubists, Picasso and Braque, who separate the multi-coloured tendency with short(p) cypher for its race to the adjoin world, Boccioni and his familiar futurists evince an aestheticised goals positive interaction with that world, regarding this interaction as vituperative to a flourishing verbiage of speedy motility on the dormant piece of paper or finished triad propal, dissemble forms. (Harte 2009, 18) Boccionis instinct of the quarter proportionality productively skirt the system of space to a lay idea of r exploitation.This consciousness makes Boccioni adult amongst new(prenominal) futurists. The study of the grow and literary productions of twain Boccioni and Marinetti make it elucidate that without an apprehending of these twain figures, it is exh austing to sympathize the excogitationion of Futurism itself. These ii futurists play an principal(prenominal) division in sparking packs stir-to doe with in the futurist drive, created a scout not simply for exquisite ideas, yet as well for ethnic and social disobedience and a first harmonic resistance to traditional aesthetic, chaste and political opinions.They apiece(prenominal) assay to wrap up the futurists ideals and their pee-pee left a bulky restore on rules of order. metalworker (1997) provides but yard of the ideologic company amongst Boccioni and Marinetti. Boccioni and Marinetti ensn ared a apparent motion ground on speed. With the closing of its lead story artists, Boccioni, Futurism died fast. (Strickland and Boswell 2007, 139) References unidentified (2010) Futurism futurist manifesto, cortege Vollard Enrico Prampolini, superior general Books LLC, modernistic York anonymous Berghaus, G. 2009) Futurism and the proficient I magination, Rodopi, capital of The Netherlands Blum, C S. (1996) The former(a)(a) modernism F. T. Marinettis Futurist lying of Power, University of calcium Press, calcium Bru, S. , and Martens, G. (2006) The pedestal of political sympathies in the europiuman Avant-garde, Rodolphi, capital of The Netherlands Harrison, A. (2003) D. H. Lawrence and Italian Futurism A flying field of pass, Rodopi, Harte, T. (2009) luxuriant forth The esthetics and ideology of drive on in Russian caravan Culture, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin Hays, M. 2000) architecture possible action Since 1968, MIT Press, Cambridge Henning, M. (2006) Museums, Media, and pagan possible action. McGraw-Hill International, capital of the United Kingdom Smith, T E. (1997) inexplicable tactility modernity and Masculinity, University of lolly Press, boodle Strickland, C. , and Boswell J (2007) The Annotated Mona Lisa A cut in ancestry in ar 2rk narration from prehistorical to convey advanced. Andrews McMeel Publishing, Riverside, NJ contour 1. laughable Forms of continuity in place, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From http//www. octorhugo. org/ synaesthesia/art/ rule 2. oomph of a cyclist, painting, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From http//artsforhealthmmu. blogspot. com/2011/08/blog-post. hypertext mark-up language guess 3. Futurist Manifesto, newspaper article, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From http//www. collezioni-f. it/marinetti01. jpg soma 4. news in Liberta, adjudge illustration, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From http//blanchardmodernart. blogspot. com/2010/10/cubism-and-futurism. hypertext mark-up language suffer to the succeeding(a) the give way and Influence of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni bandaging to the rising The earn and maintain out of Filippo Marinetti & Umberto Boccioni In atomic number 63 the passageway from the nineteenth to the twentieth degree centigrade witnessed the return of a number of esthetic and social accomplishments which left a spacious stupor on societies, not only in Europe exclusively in any case worldwide. Movements such as Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and Constructivism vie an weighty consumption in changing society for the pause by victimisation their design and art practices.This era likewise witnessed a number of ideologic and ethnic changes in some handle such as psychology, philosophy, arts, and technology. stinker the popularity of Dada, Surrealism, Constructivism, artwork Deco, and similarly Vorticism, there was a wet idea of Futurism which embodied elements of technology, speed, violence, and mechanical fair games such as cars, airplanes, and bicycles. Futurism was volumedly an Italian found movement, and there were early(a) versions of the movement mishap close to the world, including Russia, and England..Most Futurists exercise in respective(a) mediums of art. agree to anonymous (2010), sculpture, painting, architecture, ceramics, industrial design, ind oor design, graphic design, home and film, textiles, and literature were all pleasant mediums for The Futurists. 2 of the more disreputable Futurists were Filippo Marinetti, and Umberto Boccioni. Marinettis Manifesto of Futurism and Boccionis charge plate dynamism and sculpture, fantastic Forms of tenaciousness in Space are dickens rattling well cognize pieces of art which contend an purgetful use in the popularity of Futurism.The working of the dickens futurists shake up numerous artists of their time and are still well known amongst modern artists. When the French newspaper, Le Figaro, produce on its forward rapscallion a manifesto more or less an elegant group, no one knew somewhat the author. The manifesto was scripted by an EgyptianItalian named Filippo Marinetti, who was ground in Milan and was one of the intro fathers of Futurism. The literary piece was about Le Futurism, the base of operations manifesto of the chaste group which was in the cogn itive operation of forming. Marinetti was a natural innate(p) writer he wrote from a very youngish age.He analyse in Paris, where he furthered his spang for literature. Marinettis uncontrollable constitution ca employ him some difficulties even at this age. He go about the flagellum of gibbousness when he well- well-tried to publish Emile Zolas im clean-living novels through the school magazine. (Harrison 2003, 35) in brief after the manifesto was make Marinetti was overgorge into the public eye, gaining ill fame amongst his generation who precept that he would let on large changes in the art world. However he was in earnest criticized by some artists because of his aroused hate for old art and politics.In the article, Marinetti idealise the beauty of modern life and discussed the benefits of machinery, speed, violence, and youth. He talked about the transmutation of Italian stopping point in a new aesthetic world. harmonize to Henning (2006), Marinettis manifes to was not welcomed by most historians who precept it as an attack against write up, and historicism. They were of the view that Marinetti linked anti-musuem prospect with nationalism. however though the manifesto was produce in a French newspaper, it veritable a large resolution from Italy. The manifesto was published in the French newspaper Le Figaro, provided he accentuate its source -from Italy- at the same time as he spurned the museum shade of Italy, and by meaning France too, in the effort to enounce himself of the present, and of the future. Marinetti associated museums with an obsessions with the past which was debasing and infecting the proboscis of the nation. (Henning 2006, 39) Marinettis manifesto move to gain popularity from contemporary artists and go on admonition from contemporary historians.His immunity to museums were considered a bane to the link amongst ancient art and literature. In 1916, when Marinetti introduced the manifesto The spic -and-span Religion-Morality of hurry, it was do that it had some federation with the past. though Marinetti adorned this manifesto with technical excitement, he used the fraud of ghostlike language, which deep in thought(p) his critics. The novel Religion has veritable a blotto solvent from authors over time. For example Blum (1996) see in the manifesto a well-knit logic for Futurism. The binary structuring of frankness is secure to the introduction of a new religion. In La nuova religione- consumption della velocita (The naked as a jaybird Religion-Morality of despatch 1916), Marinetti argues that speed, whose essence is the nonrational price reduction of all forces in movement, is, by nature, pure. (Blum 1996, 34) condescension a relentless Catholic upbringing, Marinetti was an open opponent of religion, especially the stoop of The Vatican in Italy. He was massively influenced by his fathers relate in the history of religion. He had great rule of the use o f apparitional language, still ever so with an anti-clerical tone.For example, in his manifesto, Against the pontificate and the Catholic Mentality, Repositories of all pleasant of traditionalism, Marinetti launched a campaign for the judgment of dismissal of Italy from The Vatican. patronage there macrocosm substantiate anti-Catholic tirades in his two manifestos-Against Spain, and Against the pontificate and the Catholic Mentality- one can easily grow a unassailable unearthly presentation at heart his pennings. Bru and Martens (2006) see a lodge among the manifestos. They are of the opinion that condescension a shift of over nine years amidst the issuance of the two manifestos, small-scale change is seen in his views of religion. Marinetti show his anti-Catholic sentiments in the manifestos, Against Spain (1910) and Against the papacy and the Catholics Mentality, Repositories of every(prenominal) broad of traditionalism (1919). He was fervidly back up by Settimelli, whose folder Svaticanamento Dichiarazione agli italiani, attacked the Vatican in such concentrated term that it was recluse and its author taken to court. (Bru and Martens 2006, 179) Berghaus (2009) has found very advanced(a) elements in the manifestos of Marinetti. He is of the opinion that Marinettis manifestos circularise the futurist crystalise of lifestyle. Marinetti was argue to any fetishization of the healthy body and was passing critical of the fascist bridal of unobjectionable eyeglasses for the purpose of indoctrination. He was interested in healthy bodies with brisk minds. Modern fleshly purification was an ally in his interlocking against decadence, materialism, and overage values. (Berghaus 2009, 33) Therefore, it can be give tongue to that the hidden religious characteristics of Marinetti helped to seduce his anti-Catholic and anti-clerical campaign. It is self-evident that he demonstrable this note because of his fathers c lose association with religion and religious symbolism.Marinettis role in free a large position to Futurism in the heathen history of the twentieth degree centigrade cannot be ignored. Italian puma and woodcarver Boccioni is considered to be one of Italys most chief(prenominal) Futurists. He hardened a arduous foundation for the belief of Futurism in Italy. Boccioni, who study art in capital of Italys Scuola Libera del Nudo a the Accademia dil Belle Arti, launched a campaign in 1914 to transform Italy, and introduce shaping Dynamism. His thicket with Futurism came after more years of canvass the psychology of delicate dilemmas.He used powerful flexible forms to remove a fantasy of movement twain intrinsic and congenator to the objects environment. by and by analyse the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists in Paris. Boccioni play a very consequential role in the shaping of Futurism in Italy in 1911. This was time when Futurism had organize an individual and vibrant style, with earl stages of pointillism grown way to a softer, less clean-cut neo-impressionisitic aesthetic. Smith (1997) says that because of Boccionis grave anti-traditional notions, researchers often find a affinity surrounded by himself and Marinettis ideologies.The reply of the two Futurists towards tradition and the influence of religion on society in Italy is very similar indeed. However, agree to Smith, Boccioni is differs slightly in his ideas about modernism. Although most writers on Futurism accept that Boccioni was caught up by Marinettis ideology, most have unaffectionate his work from his proto-Facist politics. His work is thereof discussed earlier in damage of his use of the noble devices for the example of modernity that the Futurists advocated in their manifesto theories of modernism and versatile forms of contemporary philosophy are in like manner invoked. (Smith 1997, 111) equivalent Marinetti, Boccioni audaciously attacked traditional values in his agree Pittura e scultura futuriste (dinamismo formativeo). He inform that his ideas n malleable Dynamism would function as an anti-traditional idea, and resuscitate not only Italy, only the whole world. In elastic dynamism, Boccioni tried to find a tie between moldable form, and its touch space. Boccioni has original great worry from Hays (2000) who has virtually researched the training of moldable Dynamism.The author gives doctrine to Boccioni in the emergence of new theories in the genre. A more inbred evolution of these problems, and one surrounding(prenominal) to the scientific movement that emancipate physical possibleness from the old notion of matter and its mutual space, is the basis of the new plastic theories developed by the Futurist Umberto Boccioni in his publications on flexible Dynamism. (Hays 2000), 592) Boccioni, in his writing soberly criticized the traditional aesthetic hold of a democratic states, and give tongue to they were mostly comprised of pseudo-intellectuals, anarchists, and collectivistics.He held Enrico Ferri, the socialist editor of LAvanti in high regard, only when was to a fault confirmatory of Enrico Corradini, the nationalistic novelist and journalist. in spite of Boccionis criticism of the Italian chauvinistic necktie for it misfortune to assist the futurists in promoting the movement politically, he was of the view that Corradinis nationalist beliefs were a beacon of confide in a screw up society. Boccioni examine nigh some(prenominal) the nature of an object in motion and its visual variation in relation to the environment through which it travels.Contrary to traditionalists, his plastic dynamism was a re-formation of plastic consciousness which jilted the scourge set up of democratic-rationalist education. (Kwinter, 2001, 61) Therefore it would not be wrong to say that the aesthetics of moldable Dynamism which Boccioni highlighted in his writing was anti-demo cratic as well as anti-traditional. match to Harte (2009), Boccioni, despite his inhalant from the Avant Garde art movements of Picasso and Braque, presented his ideas in a different style. opposed the cubists, Picasso and Braque, who unconnected the sundry(a) object with little regard for its kinship to the surrounding world, Boccioni and his pesterer futurists forceful an aestheticised objects interaction with that world, regarding this interaction as critical to a successful side of speedy movement on the static canvas or through triple dimensional, work forms. (Harte 2009, 18) Boccionis instinct of the poop dimension successfully butt on the surmise of space to a secular idea of revolution.This pinch makes Boccioni striking amongst other Futurists. The study of the work and writings of both Boccioni and Marinetti make it clear that without an understanding of these two figures, it is difficult to understand the concept of Futurism itself. These two Futurists c ompete an heavy role in sparking throngs interest in the Futurist movement, created a guidebook not only for chaste ideas, but excessively for heathen and social disobedience and a fundamental opposite to traditional aesthetic, moral and political opinions.They each assay to light up the Futurists ideals and their work left a great extend to on society. Smith (1997) provides further march of the ideological connection between Boccioni and Marinetti. Boccioni and Marinetti founded a movement ground on speed. With the conclusion of its direct artists, Boccioni, Futurism died fast. (Strickland and Boswell 2007, 139) References unknown (2010) Futurism Futurist Manifesto, entourage Vollard Enrico Prampolini, cosmopolitan Books LLC, radical York unnamed Berghaus, G. 2009) Futurism and the scientific Imagination, Rodopi, capital of The Netherlands Blum, C S. (1996) The opposite modernism F. T. Marinettis Futurist parable of Power, University of calcium Press, atomi c number 20 Bru, S. , and Martens, G. (2006) The founding of governing in the European Avant-garde, Rodolphi, capital of The Netherlands Harrison, A. (2003) D. H. Lawrence and Italian Futurism A muse of Influence, Rodopi, Harte, T. (2009) prodigal anterior The aesthetics and political orientation of upper berth in Russian audacious Culture, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin Hays, M. 2000) computer architecture Theory Since 1968, MIT Press, Cambridge Henning, M. (2006) Museums, Media, and heathenish Theory. McGraw-Hill International, capital of the United Kingdom Smith, T E. (1997) camouflaged spirit modernism and Masculinity, University of sugar Press, boodle Strickland, C. , and Boswell J (2007) The Annotated Mona Lisa A ram quarrel in Art tale from prehistoric to Post Modern. Andrews McMeel Publishing, Riverside, NJ bet 1. alone(p) Forms of pertinacity in Space, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From http//www. octorhugo. org/synaesthesia/art/ visualize 2. Dynami sm of a cyclist, painting, 1913, Umberto Boccioni From http//artsforhealthmmu. blogspot. com/2011/08/blog-post. hypertext markup language imagine 3. Futurist Manifesto, newspaper article, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From http//www. collezioni-f. it/marinetti01. jpg icon 4. loose in Liberta, book illustration, 1917, Filippo Marinetti From http//blanchardmodernart. blogspot. com/2010/10/cubism-and-futurism. hypertext mark-up language